Madras (2014) – Tamil Movie Trailer

Banner: Studio Green
Cast: Karthi
Direction: Pa.Ranjith
Production: K.E.Gnanavel Raja, SR Prakash Babu, SR Prabhu
Music: Santhosh

Narayanan

Kaththi (2014) – Tamil Movie Trailer

Starring: IlayathalapathyVijay,Samantha, Neil Nitin Mukesh
Music: Anirudh

Valiba Raja (2014) Tamil Movie Trailer

Banner: Vanks Vision
Cast: Santhanam, Sethu, Vishakha Singh, Nushrat Bharucha, Jayaprakash, Sriranjini, VTV Ganesh, Devadarshini, Chithra Lakshmanan, Neelima Rani, Subbu Panchu, Santhana,Bharathi,Meera Krishnan, Kanal Kannan
Direction: Sai Gokul Ramanath
Production: H Murali
Music: Radhan

Lingaa (2014) Tamil Movie Trailer

Cast: Rajinikanth,AnushkaShetty, Sonakshi Sinha, Santhanam, Karunakaran, Jagapati Babu, Dev Gill, Radha Ravi, Vijayakumar, R.Sundarrajan,Manobala,Prabhu Ganesan, Lauren J.Irwin, William Orendorff
Direction: K. S. Ravikumar
Production: Rockline Venkatesh
Music: A. R. Rahman

திருமணமான நடிகைகளை ரசிகர்கள் ஒதுக்கவில்லை: அனுஷ்கா

திருமணமான நடிகைகளை ரசிகர்கள் ஒதுக்கவில்லை என்று அனுஷ்கா கூறியுள்ளார்.
தமிழில் ‘லிங்கா’ படத்தில் ரஜினி ஜோடியாகவும், என்னை அறிந்தால் படத்தில் அஜீத் ஜோடியாகவும் நடிக்கிறார் அனுஷ்கா. தெலுங்கில் ‘ருத்ரமா தேவி’, ‘பாகுபலி’ என இரு சரித்திர படங்களிலும் நடிக்கிறார். இந்த படங்களை தமிழிலும் வெளியிடுகிறார்கள்.
இந்த நிலையில் அனுஷ்காவுக்கு விரைவில் திருமணம் நடக்க உள்ளதாக செய்திகள் வெளியாகியுள்ளன. அவருக்கு பெற்றோர் மாப்பிள்ளை பார்த்து விட்டதாகவும் அடுத்த வருடம் திருமணம் நடக்கும் என்றும் பேசப்படுகிறது. இதனால் புது படங்களுக்கு அனுஷ்கா ஒப்பந்தம் ஆகவில்லை. திருமணத்துக்கு பிறகு சினிமாவில் நடிப்பாரா, மாட்டாரா என்று தெரியவில்லை.
திருமணமான நடிகைகளுக்கு சினிமாவில் வரவேற்பு இருக்கிறதா என்ற கேள்விக்கு பதில் அளித்து அனுஷ்கா கூறியதாவது:–
நடிகர்களில் 50, 60 வயது நிரம்பியவர்கள் கூட கதாநாயகனாக நடிக்கின்றனர். ஆனால் திருமணமான நடிகைகள் அதுபோல் கதாநாயகிகளாக நடிக்க முடியுமா? என்ற கேள்வி எழுப்பப்படுகிறது. திருமணமான நடிகைகளாலும் சாதிக்க முடியும். கதாநாயகிகளாகவும் நடிக்க முடியும்.
இந்தி நடிகைகள் கரீனாகபூர், ராணி முகர்ஜி, வித்யாபாலன் போன்றோருக்கு திருமணம் ஆகிவிட்டது. திருமணத்துக்கு பிறகு கூட அவர்கள் கதாநாயகிகளாக நடித்தக் கொண்டு இருக்கிறார்கள். எனவே திருமணமான நடிகைகளை ரசிகர்கள் ஒதுக்கவில்லை. ஏற்றுக் கொள்கிறார்கள்.
இவ்வாறு அனுஷ்கா கூறினார்.

கார்த்தியை தொடர்ந்து சூர்யாவுடன் இணையும் ப்ரணிதா

சூர்யா தற்போது வெங்கட் பிரபு இயக்கிவரும் ‘மாஸ்’ படத்தில் நடித்து வருகிறார். இதில் அவருக்கு ஜோடியாக நயன்தாரா, எமி ஜாக்சன் நடித்து வருகிறார்கள். மேலும் இவர்களுடன் பிரேம்ஜி, பார்த்திபன், கருணாஸ், ஸ்ரீமன், ஜெயராம், ரியாஸ்கான் உள்ளிட்ட பலர் நடித்து வருகிறார்கள். இப்படத்திற்கு யுவன் ஷங்கர் ராஜா இசையமைத்து வருகிறார். ஆர்.டி.சேகர் ஒளிப்பதிவை கவனிக்கிறார்.
இப்படத்தில் சூர்யா இரண்டு கதாபாத்திரத்தில் நடிக்கிறார். இப்படத்தின் படப்பிடிப்பு தொடர்ந்து நடைபெற்றுவரும் வேளையில் ஒவ்வொரு நடிகர், நடிகைகளாக இணைந்து நடித்து வருகிறார்கள். தற்போது மேலும் ஒரு படியாக தெலுங்கு நடிகர்கள் ராணா, பிரபாஸ், ரவிதேஜா ஆகியோர் இப்படத்தில் சிறப்பு தோற்றத்தில் நடிக்கவிருப்பதாக கூறப்படுகிறது.

1. இந்த நிலையில் மாஸ் படக்குழுவினருடன் ப்ரணிதாவும் இணைந்துள்ளார். இவர் இதற்கு முன் ‘உதயம்’, கார்த்தியுடன் இணைந்து ‘சகுனி’ படத்தில் நடித்திருந்தார். தற்போது மாஸ் படத்தில் முக்கிய கதாபாத்திரத்தில் சூர்யாவுடன் இணைந்து ப்ரணிதா நடிக்கவுள்ளார். ப்ரணிதா-சூர்யா நடிக்கும் காட்சிகளை படம்பிடிப்பதற்காக இப்படக்குழு இம்மாதம் பல்கேரியா செல்ல உள்ளதாக தெரிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.

நடிகை ஜெனிலியாவுக்கு ஆண் குழந்தை பிறந்தது - தமிழில் சினிமா செய்திகள்

பாய்ஸ், சச்சின், வேலாயுதம், சந்தோஷ் சுப்பிரமணியம், உத்தமபுத்திரன் உள்ளிட்ட தமிழ் படங்களில் கதாநாயகியாக நடித்து இருப்பவர் ஜெனிலியா. அவருக்கும், மராட்டிய மாநில முன்னாள் முதல்-மந்திரி விலாஸ்ராவ் தேஷ்முக்கின் மகனும், நடிகருமான ரிதேஷ் தேஷ்முக்குக்கும் இரண்டு ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு திருமணம் நடைபெற்றது.
இந்நிலையில், ஜெனிலியா கர்ப்பம் அடைந்தார். நிறைமாத கர்ப்பிணியாக இருந்த அவருக்கு நேற்று ஆண் குழந்தை பிறந்தது. இத்தகவலை ரிதேஷ் தேஷ்முக், சமூக வலைத்தளத்தில் தெரிவித்துள்ளார்.
ஜெனிலியாவும், ரிதேஷும் கடந்த 2003-ம் ஆண்டு ‘துஜே மேரி கசம்’ படம் மூலமாக இந்தியில் அறிமுகம் ஆனார்கள். அப்போது அவர்களுக்குள் காதல் மலர்ந்தது. மஸ்தி, தேரே நால் லவ் ஹோ கவா, லை பாரி ஆகிய படங்களிலும் அவர்கள் ஜோடியாக நடித்துள்ளனர்.

5000 திரையரங்குகளில் லிங்கா - இன்னொரு சாதனைக்கு தயாராகும் தயாரிப்பாளர் - தமிழில் சினிமா செய்திகள்

லிங்கா சென்சாரில் யு சான்றிதழ் பெற்று டிசம்பர் 12 ரிலீஸுக்கு தயாராகி வருகிறது. லிங்காவின் வியாபாரம் ஒவ்வொன்றும் சாதனை படைத்துக் கொண்டிருக்க திரையரங்கு எண்ணிக்கையிலும் புது சாதனையை நோக்கி லிங்கா பயணப்படுகிறது.
இதுவரை ஹிர்த்திக் ரோஷன் நடித்த பேங் பேங் படம் மட்டுமே 5000 திரையரங்குகளுக்கு மேல் வெளியானது. அந்த சாதனையை லிங்கா சமன் செய்ய உள்ளது. தமிழ், தெலுங்கு, இந்தி ஆகிய மூன்று மொழிகளில் 5000 திரையரங்குகளில் லிங்காவை வெளியிட திட்டமிட்டுள்ளதாக தயாரிப்பாளர் ராக்லைன் வெங்கடேஷ் தெரிவித்துள்ளார்.
யுஎஸ்ஸில் 200 திரையரங்குகளுக்கு மேல் லிங்காவுக்கு ஒதுக்கப்பட உள்ளது. அங்கு இவ்வளவு அதிக திரையரங்குகளில் வெளியாகப் போகும் தென்னிந்திய படம் லிங்கா என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

அட்லி இயக்கத்தில் விஜய் - சுவாரஸிய தகவல்கள் - தமிழில் சினிமா செய்திகள்

ராஜாராணி படத்தை இயக்கிய அட்லி அடுத்து விஜய் நடிக்கும் படத்தை இயக்குகிறார். சிம்புதேவன் இயக்கும் படம் முடிந்ததும் அட்லி படம் தொடங்குகிறது.
இன்னும் பெயரிடப்படாத இந்தப் படத்துக்கு ஜீ.வி.பிரகாஷ் இசையமைக்கிறார். ஹீரோயினாக நயன்தாரா நடிப்பார் என உறுதி செய்யப்படாத தகவல்கள் கூறுகின்றன. ராஜாராணியின் முக்கிய அட்ராக்ஷனாக இருந்தவர் நயன்தாரா. என்னை இதுவரை இயக்கியவர்களில் அட்லிதான் சிறந்தவர் என்று நயன்தாரா சான்றிதழ் தந்திருந்தது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.
ஒரே படத்தில் பலரை தயாரிப்பாளர்களாக்கி ஒன்றுக்கு மேற்பட்டவர்களை சந்தோஷப்படுத்துவது ரஜினியின் வழக்கம். அதேபோல் இந்தப் படத்தை மூன்று பேர் தயாரிக்கிறார்கள். கலைப்புலி தாணு, த நெக்ஸ்ட் பிக் ஃபிலிம் மற்றும் விஜய் தொலைக்காட்சி மகேந்திரன்.
இதில் விஜய் தொலைக்காட்சி மகேந்திரன்தான் அட்லி ராஜாராணி படத்தை இயக்க காரணமாக இருந்தவர். அட்லி ராஜாராணி ஸ்கிரிப்டை தயார் செய்த போது அதில் நடிப்பதாக இருந்தவர் சிவ கார்த்திகேயன். காரணம், அட்லியின் குறும்படத்தில் அவர்தான் நடித்திருந்தார்.
நண்பா நாம சேர்ந்து படம் பண்ணுவோம் என்று சொன்ன அட்லி, ராஜாராணி படத்தின் கதையை மகேந்திரனிடம் கூற, அவர்தான் ஆர்யா, நயன்தாரா, ஜெய், நஸ்ரியா என பெரிய டீமை முருகதாஸ் மூலமாக அமைத்துக் கொடுத்தார். ஆர்யா, நயன் என்றதும் சிவ கார்த்திகேயனை போய்யா என்று அட்லி கழற்றிவிட்டது கலகல எபிசோட்.
2015 கோடையில் படம் தொடங்குகிறது.

Tamil Nadu Polytechnic Examinations Time Table October 2014

               Tamil Nadu Polytechnic Examinations Time Table October 2014

Directorate of  Technical Education – Chennai 600 025

Board of Examinations - October2014

Time Table

                                             

Basic Engineering

Civil Engineering

Mechanical Engineering

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Electronics and Communication Engineering

First Semester & Second Semester

FT

SW

PT

FT

SW

PT

FT

SW

PT

FT

PT

FT

PT

Computer Engineering

Modern Office Practice

Chemical Engineering  (FT & SW)

Textile Technology (FT & SW)

Printing Technology

Leather Technology (SW)

Fisheries Technology(SW)

Prosthetics & Orthotics Engineering

Hotel Management and Catering Technology

Film Technology and TV production

Industrial Safety
Civil Engineering Related
Architectural Assistantship	Environmental and Pollution Control Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Related
Agricultural Technology	Automobile Engineering	Electronics (Robotics) Engineering / Mechatronics Engineering		Marine Engineering	Mechanical Engineering (Foundry)[SW]
		FT	SW
Mechanical Engineering (MTMR)[SW]	Mechanical Engineering (R & AC)	Mechanical Engineering (Tool & Die)		Metallurgy	Post Diploma in Advanced Tech. in R & AC
Production Engineering

Electronics and Communication Engineering Related
Instrumentation and Control Engineering

Computer Engineering Related
Computer Networking Engineering	Information Technology

Textile Technology Related
Apparel Technology	Applied Arts and Crafts (Fashion and Apparel Design)	Fashion Technology	Garment Technology	Textile Marketing and Management
Textile Processing (SW)	Textile Technology (Knitting and Garment Technology)	Textile Technology (Knitting)	Textile Technology (Man made fibre)	Textile Technology (Textile Designing & Weaving)

Chemical Engineering Related
Ceramic Technology	Petro-Chemical Engineering		Polymer Technology	Sugar Technology
	FT	PT

Leather Technology Related
Leather Technology (Footwear)

TNDTE Tentative Calendar of events for the academic year 2014-2015

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI-25 POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES TENTATIVE CALENDAR OF EVENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-2015

Re-Opening of Institutions after Summer Vacation	02.06.2014	MONDAY
Last date for payment of Tuition Fee without fine	01.07.2014	TUESDAY
Last Date for payment of Tuition Fee with fine	10.07.2014	THURSDAY
Commencement of I Year Full Time and Part Time Classes	07.07.2014	MONDAY
Last working day for the Old Semesters (III & V)	19.09.2014	FRIDAY
Last working day for the I Year Full Time and Part Time students	24.10.2014	FRIDAY
Commencement of Winter Vacation (31 Days)	25.10.2014	SATURDAY
EVEN SEMESTER
Re-Opening of Institution after Winter Vacation	24.11.2014	MONDAY
Last working day for the Even Semesters (II, IV & VI)	13.03.2015	FRIDAY
Commencement of Summer Vacation (39 Days)	23.04.2015	THURSDAY
Re-Opening of Institution after Summer Vacation	01.06.2015	MONDAY
ADMISSIONS / RE-ADMISSION AND TRANSFER
Last date for receipt of Institution Transfer Application Forms in III & V Sem	09.06.2014	MONDAY
Last date for receipt of Application Forms for Re-Admission in III & V Sem	09.06.2014	MONDAY
Last date for receipt of Application Forms for Re-Admission in IV & VI Sem Lateral Entry Admissions:	01.12.2014	MONDAY
Date of Release of Advertisement in News Paper	04.05.2014	SUNDAY
Date of Issue of Application forms	05.05.2014	MONDAY
Last date of Issue and Receipt of Application forms	23.05.2014	FRIDAY
Closing date for Lateral Entry Admission	06.06.2014	FRIDAY
Last date for receipt of B-Form from the Institutes	11.06.2014	WEDNESDAY
Commencement of Lateral Entry Certificate Verification of admitted	16.06.2014	MONDAY
End of Lateral Entry Certificate Verification of admitted students	04.07.2014	FRIDAY
I Year Full Time, Part Time and Special Reservation Admissions: Date of Release of Advertisement in News Paper	18.05.2014	SUNDAY
Date of Issue of Application forms	19.05.2014	MONDAY
Last date of Issue and Receipt of Application forms	06.06.2014	FRIDAY
Closing date for I year Full Time, Part Time & Post Diploma Admission	02.07.2014	WEDNESDAY
Last Date for the receipt of B-Form form Institutions	04.07.2014	FRIDAY
Special Reservation Counselling for Differently abled Candidates	16.06.2014	MONDAY
Special Reservation Counselling for Sons/Daughters of Ex-Servicemen	17.06.2014	TUESDAY
Special Reservation Counselling for Sports Quota	18.06.2014	WEDNESDAY
Commencement of I Year Certificate Verification of admitted students	21.07.2014	MONDAY
End of I Year Certificate Verification	03.09.2014	WEDNESDAY
Commencement of I Year Part-Time & Post Diploma Certificate	04.09.2014	THURSDAY
Verification of Admitted students
End of I Year Part-Time & Post Diploma Certificate Verification	05.09.2014	FRIDAY
EXAMINATIONS: OCTOBER 2014 – 15 TO FINAL SEMESTER
Last date for payment of Exam Fee without fine for October 2014 Exam for II Sem to Final semester	01.08.2014	FRIDAY
Last date for payment of Exam Fee with fine of Rs. 100/- for October 2014 Exam for II sem to Final semester	11.08.2014	MONDAY
Last date for submitting NR & Practical panel & Staff list to DOTE	14.08.2014	THURSDAY
Last date for payment of – Tatkal – with penalty of Rs. 500/- for October 2014 Exam	15.09.2014	MONDAY
Submission of II/III Year Tatkal Nominal roll / Exam Fee at DOTE	17.09.2014	WEDNESDAY
Issue of Hall Ticket / Practical panel for October 2014 Exam	29.09.2014	MONDAY
For II sem to Final semester Commencement of October 2014 Exams for II sem to Final semester
Practical	30.09.2014	TUESDAY
Theory	17.10.2014	FRIDAY
NOVEMBER 2014 – I SEMESTER Last date for payment of November 2014 for I Semester exam	17.09.2014	WEDNESDAY
fee without fine
Last date for payment of November 2014 for I Semester exam fee with fine of Rs. 100/-	24.09.2014	WEDNESDAY
Submission of I Year Nominal roll / Exam Fee at DOTE	06.10.2014	MONDAY
Last date for payment of – Tatkal – with penalty of Rs. 500/- for	09.10.2014	THURSDAY
November 2014 Exam for I Sem Submission of I Sem Tatkal Nominal roll / Exam Fee at DOTE	20.10.2014	MONDAY
Last working day for I Sem classes	24.10.2014	FRIDAY
Issue of Hall Ticket for November 2014 – I Sem Exams	30.10.2014	THURSDAY
Commencement of November 2014 Exam for I Semester	31.10.2014	FRIDAY
Commencement of Central Valuation for 2nd, 3rd Year and 1 Year	17.11.2014	MONDAY
Commencement of classes for Semester (Even)	24.11.2014	MONDAY
Publication of results of October / November 2014 Exams	22.12.2014	MONDAY
APRIL 2015 EXAMINATION – I SEMESTER TO FINAL SEMESTER
Last date for payment of Exam Fee without fine for April 2015 Exam	27.01.2015	TUESDAY
Last date for payment of Exam Fee with fine of Rs. 100/- for	02.02.2015	MONDAY
April 2015 Exam
Last date for sending Question paper Requirement to DOTE	06.02.2015	FRIDAY
Last date for submitting NR & Practical panel & Staff list to DOTE	06.02.2015	FRIDAY
Last date for payment of Tatkal with penalty of Rs. 500/- along with the Exam fee for April 2015 Exam	06.03.2015	FRIDAY
Issue of Hall Ticket / Practical panel for April 2015 Exam	20.03.2015	FRIDAY
Commencement of April 2015 Exams
Practical	21.03.2015	SATURDAY
Theory	07.04.2015	TUESDAY
Commencement of Central Valuation	04.05.2015	MONDAY
Publication of results of April 2015 Exams	31.05.2015	SUNDAY

Publication of TNDTE Diploma Results October 2014 Date

Publication of TNDTE Diploma Results October 2014 Date

The Tamilnadu Directorate Of Technical Education Conducted the Odd Semester Polytechnic Exams in Tamil Nadu Every year on October & November 2014. According to TNDTE e-Governance Portal Tentative Calendar of events for the academic year 2014-2015, The DOTE Official Detail is as follow.

Commencement of Central Valuation for 2nd, 3rd Year and 1 Year : 17.11.2014 MONDAY

Commencement of classes for Semester (Even) :  24.11.2014 MONDAY

Publication of results of October / November 2014 Exams : 22.12.2014 MONDAY

CHANGES & ADDITIONS IN ANNA UNIVERSITY NOV/DEC 2014 & JAN 2015 UG/PG TIMETABLE

CHANGES & ADDITIONS IN ANNA UNIVERSITY NOV/DEC 2014 & JAN 2015 UG/PG TIMETABLE

Anna University announced some changes and additions in the Nov/Dec 2014 and Jan 2015 UG/PG timetable. Each and every time this will happen in Anna university. So check this and once again verify your timetable for your university examinations.

• Affiliated Colleges Nov./Dec. 2014 University Examinations - Additions in UG Time Table
• Affiliated Colleges Nov./Dec. 2014 University Examinations - Changes in UG Time Table
• Affiliated Colleges Nov./Dec. 2014 University Examinations - Additions in PG Time Table
• Affiliated Colleges Nov./Dec. 2014 University Examinations - Changes in PG Time Table

Anna University ALL Regulation Timetable Updated Here|Krtamilanz

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI REGULATION 2013 --> CLICK HERE

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ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI REGULATION 2008/2009 --> CLICK HERE

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ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI REGULATION 2004 --> CLICK HERE

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ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI REGULATION 2001 --> CLICK HERE

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ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI PART TIME --> CLICK HERE

ANNA UNIVERSITY REOPENING DATE WAS ANNOUNCED

ANNA UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2015 2ND 4TH 6TH 8TH SEMESTER REOPENING DATE WAS ANNOUNCED

Anna university announced the reopening date for academic year 2014-2015 even semester reopening date for 2nd 4th 5th 7th 8th semesters. Anna university reopening date for both UG and PG are given below. 

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For UG:
2nd Semester: 
Reopening Date : 07-01-2015
Last Working Day : 22-05-2015

4th to 6th Sem: 
Reopening Date : 02-01-2015
Last Working Day : 25-04-2015 ( For 8th semester - 18-04-2015 )

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For PG:
2nd Semester: 
Reopening Date : 22-01-2015
Last Working Day : 22-05-2015

4th to 6th Sem: 
Reopening Date : 02-01-2015
Last Working Day : 25-04-2015

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KRTAMILANZ-2013-CSE-syllabus

ANNA UNIVERSITY REG 2013 CSE DEPT SYLLABUS
University : Anna University
Regulation : 2013
Department : CSE Department
Year : 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Yr
Semester : First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth Semesters
Content : CSE Department Syllabus for 1 to 8 semester's
Content Format : PDF Format

ANNA UNIVERSITY CSE DEPARTMENT REGULATION 2013 SYLLABUS

Click Here ---> View Syllabus   |  Download Syllabus

Tamil Sms Jokes-1

Latest SMS in Tamil

In a forest In a forest 10 people were walking....! (including me) Suddenly a TIGER came and killed 9 people..... but didnt TOUCH me...... WHY? Because Nangadhan singamla..........

Enna unga paper Vasagar: Enna unga paper la uppu sappe illa? Writer: padikka sonna..... ungala yaru nakki pakka sonnathu.....

I decided to sucide Yesterday i decided to sucide I went to a mountain and tried to jump. At that time i got a message in my mobile. It's your message , after i read it i decided to live. U know why? Vetti message anupura neeyelam uiroda irukumbodhu, na yaen saganum"...!

Naragathil yeman and man Naragathil yeman and man MAN: nan en wifeuku oru call pannikuren how much paise? YEMAN:naragam to naragam FREE

2 Friends Friend 1: Enga manager gangaru mathiri. Friend 2: "yeppadi?" Friend 1: "Yeppavum oru kuttiyodathan iruppaar?"

Sachin century Adicha Sachin century Adicha. "Stadium Full". Rajini padam Nadicha. "Theatre Full" Thalla S.M.S. anupuna unga "INBOX FULL"

C PROGRAMMING BASICS-4-INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

13. What is the difference between ++var and var++?

The ++ operator is called the increment operator. When the operator is placed before the variable (++var), the variable is incremented by 1 before it is used in the expression. When the operator is placed after the variable (var++), the expression is evaluated, and then the variable is incremented by 1.
The same holds true for the decrement operator (--). When the operator is placed before the variable, you are said to have a prefix operation. When the operator is placed after the variable, you are said to have a postfix operation.
For instance, consider the following example of postfix incrementation:

int x, y;

x = 1;
y = (x++ * 5);

In this example, postfix incrementation is used, and x is not incremented until after the evaluation of the expression is done. Therefore, y evaluates to 1 times 5, or 5. After the evaluation, x is incremented to 2.
Now look at an example using prefix incrementation:

int x, y;
x = 1;
y = (++x * 5);

This example is the same as the first one, except that this example uses prefix incrementation rather than postfix. Therefore, x is incremented before the expression is evaluated, making it 2. Hence, y evaluates to 2 times 5, or 10.

14. What does the modulus operator do?

The modulus operator (%) gives the remainder of two divided numbers. For instance, consider the following portion of code:
x = 15/7
If x were an integer, the resulting value of x would be 2. However, consider what would happen if you were to apply the modulus operator to the same equation:
x = 15%7
The result of this expression would be the remainder of 15 divided by 7, or 1. This is to say that 15 divided by 7 is 2 with a remainder of 1.
The modulus operator is commonly used to determine whether one number is evenly divisible into another. For instance, if you wanted to print every third letter of the alphabet, you would use the following code:

int x;

	for (x=1; x<=26; x++)
	if ((x%3) == 0)
	printf("%c", x+64);
	

The preceding example would output the string "cfilorux", which represents every third letter in the alphabet.

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C PROGRAMMING BASICS-3-INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

9. What is an lvalue?

An lvalue is an expression to which a value can be assigned. The lvalue expression is located on the left side of an assignment statement, whereas an rvalue is located on the right side of an assignment statement. Each assignment statement must have an lvalue and an rvalue. The lvalue expression must reference a storable variable in memory. It cannot be a constant. For instance, the following lines show a few examples of lvalues:

int x;
	int* p_int;
	x = 1;
	*p_int = 5;
	

The variable x is an integer, which is a storable location in memory. Therefore, the statement x = 1 qualifies x to be an lvalue. Notice the second assignment statement, *p_int = 5. By using the * modifier to reference the area of memory that p_int points to, *p_int is qualified as an lvalue. In contrast, here are a few examples of what would not be considered lvalues:

#define CONST_VAL 10
	int x;
	/* example 1 */
	1 = x;
	/* example 2 */
	CONST_VAL = 5;
	

In both statements, the left side of the statement evaluates to a constant value that cannot be changed because constants do not represent storable locations in memory. Therefore, these two assignment statements do not contain lvalues and will be flagged by your compiler as errors.

10. Can an array be an lvalue?

Is an array an expression to which we can assign a value? The answer to this question is no, because an array is composed of several separate array elements that cannot be treated as a whole for assignment purposes. The following statement is therefore illegal:
int x[5], y[5];
x = y;
You could, however, use a for loop to iterate through each element of the array and assign values individually, such as in this example:

int i;
	int x[5];
	int y[5];
	...
	for (i=0; i<5; i++)
	x[i] = y[i]
	...
	

Additionally, you might want to copy the whole array all at once. You can do so using a library function such as the memcpy() function, which is shown here:
memcpy(x, y, sizeof(y));
It should be noted here that unlike arrays, structures can be treated as lvalues. Thus, you can assign one structure variable to another structure variable of the same type, such as this:

typedef struct t_name
{
char last_name[25];
char first_name[15];
char middle_init[2];
} NAME;
...
NAME my_name, your_name;
...
your_name = my_name;
...

In the preceding example, the entire contents of the my_name structure were copied into the your_name structure. This is essentially the same as the following line:
memcpy(your_name, my_name, sizeof(your_name));

11. What is an rvalue?

rvalue can be defined as an expression that can be assigned to an lvalue. The rvalue appears on the right side of an assignment statement.
Unlike an lvalue, an rvalue can be a constant or an expression, as shown here:

int x, y;
x = 1; /* 1 is an rvalue; x is an lvalue */
y = (x + 1); /* (x + 1) is an rvalue; y is an lvalue */

An assignment statement must have both an lvalue and an rvalue. Therefore, the following statement would not compile because it is missing an rvalue:
int x; x = void_function_call() /* the function void_function_call() returns nothing */If the function had returned an integer, it would be considered an rvalue because it evaluates into something that the lvalue, x, can store.

12. Is left-to-right or right-to-left order guaranteed for operator precedence?

The simple answer to this question is neither. The C language does not always evaluate left-to-right or right-to-left. Generally, function calls are evaluated first, followed by complex expressions and then simple expressions.
Additionally, most of today's popular C compilers often rearrange the order in which the expression is evaluated in order to get better optimized code. You therefore should always implicitly define your operator precedence by using parentheses.
For example, consider the following expression:
a = b + c/d / function_call() * 5
The way this expression is to be evaluated is totally ambiguous, and you probably will not get the results you want. Instead, try writing it by using implicit operator precedence:
a = b + (((c/d) / function_call()) * 5)
Using this method, you can be assured that your expression will be evaluated properly and that the compiler will not rearrange operators for optimization purposes.

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C PROGRAMMING BASICS-2-INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

5. Can the last case of a switch statement skip including the break?

Even though the last case of a switch statement does not require a break statement at the end, you should add break statements to all cases of the switch statement, including the last case. You should do so primarily because your program has a strong chance of being maintained by someone other than you who might add cases but neglect to notice that the last case has no break statement.
This oversight would cause what would formerly be the last case statement to "fall through" to the new statements added to the bottom of the switch statement. Putting a break after each case statement would prevent this possible mishap and make your program more "bulletproof." Besides, most of today's optimizing compilers will optimize out the last break, so there will be no performance degradation if you add it.

6. Other than in a for statement, when is the comma operator used?

The comma operator is commonly used to separate variable declarations, function arguments, and expressions, as well as the elements of a for statement. Look closely at the following program, which shows some of the many ways a comma can be used:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main(void);
void main()
{
/* Here, the comma operator is used to separate
three variable declarations. */
int i, j, k;
/* Notice how you can use the comma operator to perform
multiple initializations on the same line. */
i = 0, j = 1, k = 2;
printf("i = %d, j = %d, k = %d\n", i, j, k);
/* Here, the comma operator is used to execute three expressions
in one line: assign k to i, increment j, and increment k.
The value that i receives is always the rightmost expression. */
i = (j++, k++);
printf("i = %d, j = %d, k = %d\n", i, j, k);
/* Here, the while statement uses the comma operator to
assign the value of i as well as test it. */
while (i = (rand() % 100), i != 50)
printf("i is %d, trying again...\n", i);
printf("\nGuess what? i is 50!\n");
}

Notice the line that reads
i = (j++, k++);
This line actually performs three actions at once. These are the three actions, in order:
1. Assigns the value of k to i. This happens because the left value (lvalue) always evaluates to the rightmost argument. In this case, it evaluates to k. Notice that it does not evaluate to k++, because k++ is a postfix incremental expression, and k is not incremented until the assignment of k to i is made. If the expression had read ++k, the value of ++k would be assigned to i because it is a prefix incremental expression, and it is incremented before the assignment is made.
2. Increments j.
3. Increments k.
Also, notice the strange-looking while statement:

while (i = (rand() % 100), i != 50)
printf("i is %d, trying again...\n");

Here, the comma operator separates two expressions, each of which is evaluated for each iteration of the while statement. The first expression, to the left of the comma, assigns i to a random number from 0 to 99.
The second expression, which is more commonly found in a while statement, is a conditional expression that tests to see whether i is not equal to 50. For each iteration of the while statement, i is assigned a new random number, and the value of i is checked to see that it is not 50. Eventually, i is randomly assigned the value 50, and the while statement terminates.

7. How can you tell whether a loop ended prematurely?

Generally, loops are dependent on one or more variables. Your program can check those variables outside the loop to ensure that the loop executed properly. For instance, consider the following example:

#define REQUESTED_BLOCKS 512
int x;
char* cp[REQUESTED_BLOCKS];
/* Attempt (in vain, I must add...) to
allocate 512 10KB blocks in memory. */
for (x=0; x< REQUESTED_BLOCKS; x++)
{
cp[x] = (char*) malloc(10000, 1);
if (cp[x] == (char*) NULL)
break;
}
/* If x is less than REQUESTED_BLOCKS,
the loop has ended prematurely. */
if (x < REQUESTED_BLOCKS)
printf("Bummer! My loop ended prematurely!\n");

Notice that for the loop to execute successfully, it would have had to iterate through 512 times. Immediately following the loop, this condition is tested to see whether the loop ended prematurely. If the variable x is anything less than 512, some error has occurred.

8. What is the difference between goto and long jmp( ) and setjmp()?

A goto statement implements a local jump of program execution, and the longjmp() and setjmp() functions implement a nonlocal, or far, jump of program execution. Generally, a jump in execution of any kind should be avoided because it is not considered good programming practice to use such statements as goto and longjmp in your program.
A goto statement simply bypasses code in your program and jumps to a predefined position. To use the goto statement, you give it a labeled position to jump to. This predefined position must be within the same function. You cannot implement gotos between functions. Here is an example of a goto statement:

void bad_programmers_function(void)
{
int x;
printf("Excuse me while I count to 5000...\n");
x = 1;
while (1)
{
printf("%d\n", x);
if (x == 5000)
goto all_done;
else
x = x + 1;
}
all_done:
printf("Whew! That wasn't so bad, was it?\n");
}

This example could have been written much better, avoiding the use of a goto statement. Here is an example of an improved implementation:

void better_function(void)
{
int x;
printf("Excuse me while I count to 5000...\n");
for (x=1; x<=5000; x++)
printf("%d\n", x);
printf("Whew! That wasn't so bad, was it?\n");
}

As previously mentioned, the longjmp() and setjmp() functions implement a nonlocal goto. When your program calls setjmp(), the current state of your program is saved in a structure of type jmp_buf. Later, your program can call the longjmp() function to restore the program's state as it was when you called setjmp(). Unlike the goto statement, the longjmp() and setjmp() functions do not need to be implemented in the same function.
However, there is a major drawback to using these functions: your program, when restored to its previously saved state, will lose its references to any dynamically allocated memory between the longjmp() and the setjmp(). This means you will waste memory for every malloc() or calloc() you have implemented between your longjmp() and setjmp(), and your program will be horribly inefficient. It is highly recommended that you avoid using functions such as longjmp() and setjmp() because they, like the goto statement, are quite often an indication of poor programming practice.
Here is an example of the longjmp() and setjmp() functions:

#include <stdio.h>
	#include <setjmp.h>
	jmp_buf saved_state;
	void main(void);
	void call_longjmp(void);
	void main(void)
	{
	int ret_code;
	printf("The current state of the program is being saved...\n");
	ret_code = setjmp(saved_state);
	if (ret_code == 1)
	{
	printf("The longjmp function has been called.\n");
	printf("The program's previous state has been restored.\n");
	exit(0);
	}
	printf("I am about to call longjmp and\n");
	printf("return to the previous program state...\n");
	call_longjmp();
	}
	void call_longjmp(void)
	{
	longjmp(saved_state, 1);
	}
	

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C PROGRAMMING BASICS-1-INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

                                                  KRTAMILANZ

                                       CSE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

                                      C PROGRAMMING-TECHNICAL INTERVIEW
                                                C PROGRAMMING BASICS-1

1. What is a local block?

A local block is any portion of a C program that is enclosed by the left brace ({) and the right brace (}). A C function contains left and right braces, and therefore anything between the two braces is contained in a local block. An if statement or a switch statement can also contain braces, so the portion of code between these two braces would be considered a local block.
Additionally, you might want to create your own local block without the aid of a C function or keyword construct. This is perfectly legal. Variables can be declared within local blocks, but they must be declared only at the beginning of a local block. Variables declared in this manner are visible only within the local block. Duplicate variable names declared within a local block take precedence over variables with the same name declared outside the local block. Here is an example of a program that uses local blocks:

#include <stdio.h>
void main(void);
void main()
{
     /* Begin local block for function main() */
     int test_var = 10;
     printf("Test variable before the if statement: %d\n", test_var);
     if (test_var > 5)
     {
          /* Begin local block for "if" statement */
          int test_var = 5;
          printf("Test variable within the if statement: %d\n",
                 test_var);
          {
               /* Begin independent local block (not tied to
                  any function or keyword) */
               int test_var = 0;
               printf(
               "Test variable within the independent local block:%d\n",
               test_var);
          }
          /* End independent local block */
     }
     /* End local block for "if" statement */
     printf("Test variable after the if statement: %d\n", test_var);
}
/* End local block for function main() */

This example program produces the following output:
Test variable before the if statement: 10
Test variable within the if statement: 5
Test variable within the independent local block: 0
Test variable after the if statement: 10
Notice that as each test_var was defined, it took precedence over the previously defined test_var. Also notice that when the if statement local block had ended, the program had reentered the scope of the original test_var, and its value was 10.

2. Should variables be stored in local blocks?

The use of local blocks for storing variables is unusual and therefore should be avoided, with only rare exceptions. One of these exceptions would be for debugging purposes, when you might want to declare a local instance of a global variable to test within your function. You also might want to use a local block when you want to make your program more readable in the current context.
Sometimes having the variable declared closer to where it is used makes your program more readable. However, well-written programs usually do not have to resort to declaring variables in this manner, and you should avoid using local blocks.

3. When is a switch statement better than multiple if statements?

A switch statement is generally best to use when you have more than two conditional expressions based on a single variable of numeric type. For instance, rather than the code

if (x == 1)
     printf("x is equal to one.\n");
else if (x == 2)
     printf("x is equal to two.\n");
else if (x == 3)
     printf("x is equal to three.\n");
else
     printf("x is not equal to one, two, or three.\n");

the following code is easier to read and maintain:

switch (x)
{
     case 1:   printf("x is equal to one.\n");
                    break;
     case 2:   printf("x is equal to two.\n");
                    break;
     case 3:   printf("x is equal to three.\n");
                    break;
     default:  printf("x is not equal to one, two, or three.\n");
                    break;
}

Notice that for this method to work, the conditional expression must be based on a variable of numeric type in order to use the switch statement. Also, the conditional expression must be based on a single variable. For instance, even though the following if statement contains more than two conditions, it is not a candidate for using a switch statement because it is based on string comparisons and not numeric comparisons:

char* name = "Lupto";
if (!stricmp(name, "Isaac"))
     printf("Your name means 'Laughter'.\n");
else if (!stricmp(name, "Amy"))
     printf("Your name means 'Beloved'.\n ");
else if (!stricmp(name, "Lloyd"))
     printf("Your name means 'Mysterious'.\n ");
else
     printf("I haven't a clue as to what your name means.\n");

4. Is a default case necessary in a switch statement?

No, but it is not a bad idea to put default statements in switch statements for error- or logic-checking purposes. For instance, the following switch statement is perfectly normal:

switch (char_code)
{
     case 'Y':
     case 'y': printf("You answered YES!\n");
               break;
     case 'N':
     case 'n': printf("You answered NO!\n");
               break;
}

Consider, however, what would happen if an unknown character code were passed to this switch statement. The program would not print anything. It would be a good idea, therefore, to insert a default case where this condition would be taken care of:

...
     default:  printf("Unknown response: %d\n", char_code);
               break;
...

Additionally, default cases come in handy for logic checking. For instance, if your switch statement handled a fixed number of conditions and you considered any value outside those conditions to be a logic error, you could insert a default case which would flag that condition. Consider the following example:

void move_cursor(int direction)
{
     switch (direction)
     {
          case UP:     cursor_up();
                       break;
          case DOWN:   cursor_down();
                       break;
          case LEFT:   cursor_left();
                       break;
          case RIGHT:  cursor_right();
                       break;
          default:     printf("Logic error on line number %ld!!!\n",
                               __LINE__);
                       break;
     }
}

1234 Next »

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CS6304-Analog and Digital Communication QB

 KRTAMILANZ

Department of Computer Science & Engineerinng

Department of Information Technology

QUESTION BANK

Name of the Subject : CS6304-Analog and Digital Communication

Semester/Class: III /IT/CSE  Academic Year: 2014-15

UNIT-I

Part-A

1.What is demodulation and modulation

2.Draw the spectrum of FM signal

3.Define amplitude modulation and SNR.

4.Differentiate between narrow band and wide band FM signal

5.Define modulation index, bandwidth efficiency, Degree of Modulation.

6.What is the purpose of limiter in FM receiver

7.If a 10v carrier is amplitude modulated by two different frequencies with amplitudes 2V and 3V respectively. Find the modulation index. (or) Consider an AM signal x(t)=2cos(2πfct) +0.5cos(2πfct).cos(2πfct).Find the modulation index used to generate the signal.

8.What is meant by double conversion receiver?

9.Write down the mathematical expression for angle modulated wave

10.    Differentiate between an analog signal and a digital signal.

11.    Define modulation depth for a FM System and highlight its impact on the spectral occupation.

12.    Define a continuous signal and Discrete signal

13.    Define thermal noise, flicker noise, short noise.

14.    Distinguish between FM and PM.

15.    What is bandwidth need to transmit 4khz voice signal using AM

16.    Write one advantage and one disadvantage of delta modulation

17.    Distinguish between power efficiency and spectral efficiency

18.    What is IST? What is the reason for it occurrence?

19.    Find the capacity of a channel having 50 khz bandwidth and produces SNR of 1023 at the output.

20.    Define internal noise and list all the internal noise.

Part-B

1.Define FM and PM modulation and write their equations. Describe the generation of FM wave         using Armstrong method.

2.An AM signal has the equation

v(t) = [15+4sin(44x103t)] sin (46.5x106t)V

1. Find the carrier frequency

2. Find the frequency of the modulating signal.

3. Find the value of m.

4. Find the peak voltage of the unmodulated carrier.

5. Sketch the signal in the time domain, showing voltage and time scales.

3. For a modulation coefficient m = 0.2 and carrier power Pc = 1000 W, determine the following.

     1. Total sideband power

     2. Upper and lower sideband power  

     3. Modulated carrier power

     4. Total transmitted power.

4. a. Illustrate the relationship between frequency modulation and phase modulation with a block diagram.

    b. Describe the average power required for an angle modulated wave with mathematical expression.

5. a. With neat block diagram describe AM transmitter

    b. Derive for carrier power and transmitter power in AM in terms of modulation index.

6. a. Explain the function of every block of superhetrodyne FM receiver.

    b. Differentiate AM , FM & PM

7. a. Explain the Principles of amplitude modulation

    b. Write a note on frequency spectrum analysis of angle modulated waves. Explain the band width requirements of angle modulated waves

8. (i) A modulating signal of 2 cos5000t is amplitude modulated over a carrier signal of 5cos20000t . Derive expressions for the modulation index, LSB and VSB frequencies, Bandwidth and the ratio of Side Band Power in the Total Power of AM wave. (8)

    (ii) Explain the principle of Angle Modulation. Derive and explain phase deviation, Modulation index, frequency deviation and percent modulation. (8)

9. (i) An audio frequency signal 10 sin 2*3.14* 500t is used to amplitude modulate a carrier of 50 sin 5*3.14*10^5 t. Calculate

    (1) Modulation index (6)

    (2) Side band frequencies (5)

    (3) BW required (5)

    (4) (i) Compare FM and AM. (12)

         (ii) The phase deviation constant in a phase modulation system is K = 0.01 rad/v. Calculate the maximum phase deviation when a modulating signal of 10 V is applied?

10. (i) Distinguish between FM and PM by giving its mathematical analysis. (8)

      (ii) Derive the relationship between the voltage amplitudes of the side band frequencies and the carrier and draw the frequency spectrum. (8)

11. In an AM modulator, 500 KHz carrier of amplitude 20 V is modulated by 10 KHz modulating signal which causes a change in the output wave of ｱ7.5 V . Determine:

     (1) Upper and lower side band frequencies

     (2) Modulation Index

     (3) Peak amplitude of upper and lower side frequency

     (4) Maximum and minimum amplitudes of envelope

12. Explain about different types of noises in communication systems.

UNIT-II

Part-A

1.            Draw the constellation diagram of QPSK signal.

2.            Find the minimum sampling frequency for a signal having frequency from 10mhz to 10.2 mhz in order to avoid aliasing

3.            What do you meant by FSK

4.            What is M--ary encoding

5.            Draw 8-QAM phasor diagram

6.            Determine the peak frequency deviation and minimum bandwidth for a binary FSK signal with a mark frequency of 49 khz, a space frequency of 51 khz

7.            Define space division multiplexing

8.Draw the block diagram of BPSK Transmitter .

9.What is meant by fading

10.    Define sampling theorem

11.    Draw the null modem circuit.

12.    What is binary phase shift keying?

13.    Write down the expression for peak frequency deviation of FSK.

14.    Define Nyquist sampling theorem.

15.    Draw the block diagram of QPSK Transmitter.

16.    Differentiate between PSK from DPSK.

17.    What is the approximation bandwidth required to transmit a signal at 4khz using FM with frequency deviation of 75khz.

PART-B

1. With a neat schematic diagram, explain the balanced ring modulator of BPSK.

2. a. Describe the two techniques of achieving carrier recovery circuit.

b. Explain the generation and detection of PSK system with the help of block diagrams.

3. a. For QPSK modulator with an input data rate equal to 12 Mbps and a carrier frequency of 100 MHz. determine the following.

i. Minimum double sided Nyquist bandwidth

ii. Baud Rate

iii. Sketch the output spectrum

b. Define QAM and explain the working of 8-QAM transmitter and receiver with a block diagram.

4. a. Compare the different digital modulation schemes in terms of bandwidth bit error rate and efficiency.

b. For the DPSK modulator , determine the output phase sequence for the following input bit sequence: 11001100101010. Assume that the reference bit = 1.

5. Explain BPSK transmitter and receiver with block diagram and derive an expression for its probability of error.

6. Describe the working of QPSK transmitter and receiver. Determine its bandwidth efficiency and compare it with other m-ary PSK schemes.

7. a. Draw the block diagram of QPSK modulator, demodulator and explain the principle of operation.

b. With neat constellation diagram, explain the operation of QAM transmitter. List out its merits over PSK.

8.a. Explain the operation of the binary FSK modulator and demodulator with its constellation diagram.

   b. Write a note on QPSK.

   c. Write a note on DPSK.

9. (i) Draw FSK Transmitter and explain. Describe its Bandwidth Considerations. (8)

     (ii) For a BPSK modulator with a Carrier frequency of 70 MHz and an input bit rate of 10 Mbps, determine the maximum and minimum upper and lower side frequencies, draw the output spectrum, determine the minimum Nyquist bandwidth, and calculate the baud (Assume f= 5MHz)

10. (i) Draw and explain the operations of Non-coherent and coherent FSK modulators. (8)

      (ii) Draw QPSK modulator and explain. Describe its Bandwidth considerations. (8)

11. (i) Explain the principle of FSK transmitter and receiver. (10)

      (ii) Write short notes on the spectrum and bandwidth of FSK. (6)

12. Draw the block diagram of FSK receiver and explain the operation. Determine the :

      (i) peak frequency deviation

     (ii) minimum bandwidth

     (iii) baud for FSK signal with a mark frequency of 49 kHz, space frequency of 51 kHz, and input bit rate of 2 kbps.

13. What is known as Binary phase shift keying? Discuss in detail the BPSK transmitter and Receiver and also obtain the minimum double sided Nyquist bandwidth.

UNIT-III

PART-A

1.            What are the types of pulse modulation systems

2.            What is pulse stuffing

3.            What do you mean by non-linear encoding in PCM System

4.            What is the advantage of differential PCM

5.            Determine the nyquist rate for analog input frequency of a) 4khz b)10khz

6.            Define companding

7.            Find the minimum number of bits required in a PCM code for a dynamic range of 80 dB

8.Define the term : Synchronous transmission

9.Distinguish between half duplex and full duplex transmission.

10.    Give at least four advantages of optical fiber over co-axial cable .

11.    List the layer presented in ISO -OSI reference model

12.    List any two data communication standard organisation

13.    What is data modem

14.    What are the types of data transmission?

15.    What is the need for data modems

16.    A Typical dial up telephone connection has a bandwidth of 3KU, and a signal to noise ratio of 30dB. calculate the shannon Limit.

17.    What are advantages of QPSK?

18.    What is half duplex and full duplex transmission?

PART-B

1.a.Explain any two data communication codes presently codes used for character encoding.

      b. Give brief notes on eye pattern

2.With neat block diagram explain the data communication hardware.

3.a. Explain delta modulation with the help of transmitter and receiver diagrams.

   b. What is quantizing error? illustrate with an example.

4.Draw the block diagram and explain the principle of operation of a PCM system. A binary channel with bit rate = 36000 bits/sec is available for PCM voice transmission. Find number of bits per sample, number of quantization levels and sampling frequency assuming highest frequency component of voice signal is 3.2 KHz.

5.a. What is the need for data communication interfaces?

   b. Explain the electrical and functional specifications of the ISDN physical interface.

6.a. Draw the block diagram of a PCM system and explain function of each book.

   b. What is Delta Modulation ? Explain its difference and disadvantages compared to PCM.

7.Describe the PCM transmitter and receiver with block diagram.

8.a. Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous modem used in data communication.

   b. Explain with block diagram how along signal is transmitted through digital transmission                                                                link using digital modulation technique.

9. a. Describe the basic principles of PCM system.

    b. what is companding? Explain in Detail.

10.a. Write a note on data communication codes.

     b. Explain serial and parallel interfaces in detail.

UNIT-IV

PART-A

1.            State shannon's channel capacity theorem.Give an example

2.            List the methods for error correction

3.            Differentiate between error detection and correction

4.            Mention the difference between line coding and channel coding

5.            List out the common features provided by the data communication modems

6.            Define entropy

7.            What is meant by block code?

8.            How is parity check used for error detection

9.            Mention any two error control codes

10.    Mention the properties of PN sequence

11.    What is Shannon limit for information Capacity

12.    Which error detection technique is simple and which one is more reliable?

13.    What is meant by ASCII code?

14.    Define source coding theorem.

15.    What is HDLC?

16.    Define flow control.

17.    What are error correcting codes?

PART-B

1.a. What are parallel interfaces? Describe in detail about centronics parallel interfaces.

   b. Describe in detail about medium and high speed modems.

2. Explain source coding theorem. Consider five messages S0, S1, S2, S3, S4 given by the probabilities 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/16. Use the Shanon -Fano algorithm to develop an efficient code.

3.Discuss asynchronous type modem requirements.     Explain working principle of these modems.   Explain error correction capability of block codes.

4.a. State and explain the Shanon's theorem for information capacity.

   b. For the messages M={m1,m2,m3,m4} with probabilities P(m)={1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/8}. Obtain the entropy of the source and efficiency of the system with and without coding.

5.a. Discuss the properties of cyclic codes.

   b. Construct a (6, 3) cyclic code whose generator polynomial is given as G(x) = 1 + x for the data 001.

6.a. What is the need for flow control?

   b. Explain the methods of flow control techniques?

7.a. Explain the Error detection and Correction methods used in Data Link control.

   b. Explain HDLC.

8.a. What is CRC? Draw the encoder of the same and explain its operation.

   b. Write short notes on forward error correction and backward error correction techniques.

9.Draw the block diagram of modem and explain the operation with the importance of each block in the diagram.

10.a. Explain in detail about error detection and correction.

   b. Write a note on medium and high speed modem.

11.State and explain the Huffman coding and Viterbi coding

UNIT-V

PART-A

1.            What is Cellular Communication?

2.            What is CDMA?

3.            What is frequency reuse?

4.            What is Cell?

5.            What is Handoff?

6.            Distinguish between CDMA and TDMA.

7.            What is Uplink frequency?

8.            What is Downlink frequency?

9.            What is Channel assignment?

10. Write the types of Handoffs.

11. What is Cell cluster?

12.Write the Channel allocation techniques.

13.What is TDMA?

14.What is FDMA?

15.Write the frequency range of Bluetooth.

16.Write the formula for calculating Cell cluster.

17.Write a note on Base station.

18.Write about Mobile Switching Centre.

19.What are the Channels used in Cellular Systems?

20.What is Chip code in CDMA Systems.

21.Distinguish between FDMA and TDMA

22.Differentiate Multiplexing and Multiple access.

PART-B

1.Explain about advanced Mobile System

2.Explain the architecture of GSM.

3.Explain about CDMA.

4.Draw and explain about Cellular Systems

5.a. How the channels allocated to Cells in Cellular Systems.

   b. Explain about Handoff in Cellular Systems

6. Compare and explain about various multiple access schems.

7. Briefly explain about Satellite Communication.

8. Write a note on Bluetooth technologies.

9. Explain about FDMA.

10. Explain about TDMA. 

All the best ! and Best of luck ! to all the students
By
KrTaMiLaNz
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